Faculty of Business Administration (FOBA)

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The Faculty of Business Administration Community within the Makerere University Business School Institutional Repository (MUBS IR) serves as the official digital archive for scholarly and institutional outputs produced under the Faculty. In alignment with the MUBS Institutional Repository Policy and the principles of Open Access, Research Integrity, and Digital Preservation This community collects, preserves, and disseminates high-quality academic and research contributions generated by faculty members, postgraduate and undergraduate students, researchers, and affiliated collaborators. The Community promotes: Open and equitable access to research outputs, Compliance with national and international open science standards, Long-term digital preservation of institutional knowledge, Enhanced research visibility through global indexing platforms, Responsible licensing under Creative Commons frameworks Content within this Community includes peer-reviewed journal articles, theses and dissertations, conference papers, working papers, policy briefs, datasets, multimedia materials, and other approved scholarly works. Through this platform, the Faculty of Business Administration strengthens MUBS’s position as a regional leader in business scholarship and contributes meaningfully to national and global knowledge development.

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A Review on Implementation of The Human Resource Information Systems in National Water and Sewerage Corporation.
(Makerere University Business School, 2023-12-01) Wesonga Elizabeth
The purpose of the study is to Review on Implementation of the Human Resource Information Systems in National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) in Uganda. The focus is to examine the HRIS management practices at NWSC, the management challenges that affect the implementation of HRIS at NWSC and suggest appropriate management strategies that can improve HRIS implementation at NWSC. The study had a sample of 59 employees who were selected to participate in filling in the questionnaire. The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using STATA. The study found that the HRIS management practices that are implemented at NWSC were highly agreed upon by the respondents and these included the company payroll system, employee data storage, employee recruitment, creating and updating succession plans for key positions, preparing government reports on placement information, staff training, staff leave management, performance management, health insurance management, project planning, feedback mechanisms and employee Self-Service. The key findings of the management challenges that affect the implementation of HRIS management practices at NWSC indicated that there is a lot of manual effort put into use of the system, limited HRIS training for employees, the low level of importance attributed to HR functions in general, the functionality of the HRIS is limited, there is ineffective Human Resource Management, the staff are not readily embracing technical training programs for computer usage. The study recommends that NWSC should adjust the HRIS modules to make them user friendly and compatible with the daily routines of the employees.
Access to Finance, Technology Cost And Financial Performance of SMES in Ugnanda. A Case of Selected SMES in Arua City.
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-06-16) Kissah Verous
This study investigates the relationship between access to finance, technological costs, and the financial performance of SMEs in Uganda, focusing on selected SMEs in Arua City. The research aims to address the problem of inadequate financial performance among SMEs despite their significant contributions to the economy. The primary objectives are to examine the relationship between access to finance and financial performance, evaluate the impact of technological costs on financial performance, and assess the combined effect of these factors. A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was employed, targeting a population of 120 SMEs from which a sample size of 92 SMEs was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. Data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed to individuals responsible for financial management within the SMEs. The data were analyzed using SPSS The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between access to finance and financial performance, with access to finance showing a strong influence on profitability and growth. Technological costs also exhibited a significant positive relationship with financial performance, particularly in terms of organizational capacity and change management. The regression analysis demonstrated that both access to finance and technological costs significantly predict financial performance, with technological costs having a slightly stronger impact. Major findings indicated that improved access to finance enables SMEs to invest in operations, expand market presence, and implement strategic initiatives, thereby boosting financial performance. Similarly, strategic investments in technology enhance operational efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness, leading to better financial outcomes. The combined effect of access to finance and technological costs accounted for 55.3% of the variance in financial performance, underscoring the critical importance of these factors. Based on these findings, it is recommended that policymakers create supportive financial regulations to reduce collateral requirements for SME loans and that financial institutions design affordable and flexible financial products tailored to SMEs. Additionally, SMEs should establish dedicated technology investment funds and develop training programs to enhance digital literacy and technological proficiency among employees. These strategies will enable SMEs to optimize their financial resources, invest in technology effectively, and sustain long-term growth and profitability.
Access To Informal Finance, Financial Capability, And the Performance of Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises (MSSEs) In Kampala.
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-08-28) Achura Gad Apollo
This study investigates the relationship between access to informal finance, financial capability, and the performance of Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises (MSSEs) in Kampala, Uganda. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between access to informal finance and MSSE performance, assess the impact of financial capability on performance, and evaluate the influence of both factors. A cross-sectional research design was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Data was gathered using structured questionnaires and interviews from a sample of 380 MSSEs in Kampala. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between access to informal finance and MSSE performance, with informal finance playing a crucial role in improving sales returns, market share, and customer base growth. Similarly, financial capability, particularly in income management, financial acumen, and strategic financial planning, had a strong impact on performance. The influence of access to informal finance and financial capability was also highly significant in enhancing the overall success and sustainability of MSSEs. The study recommends that policymakers focus on improving financial literacy among MSSE owners and expanding access to affordable informal finance options. Additionally, MSSEs should be encouraged to develop long-term financial strategies and make informed financial decisions to improve business sustainability. Further research should explore the role of digital financial services and gender disparities in accessing finance within the MSSE sector.
Accountability Mechanisms, Stakeholder Participation and Sustainability of Public Infrastructure Projects in Uganda.
(Makerere University Business School, 2024-09-09) Nakamanya Rashida
This study sought to examine the relationship between accountability mechanisms, stakeholder participation and project sustainability among infrastructure projects in Uganda. It was guided by specific objectives of; establishing the relationship between accountability mechanisms and project sustainability, ascertaining the relationship between stakeholder participation and project sustainability as well as examining the combined relationship between accountability mechanisms, stakeholder participation and project sustainability among public infrastructure projects in Uganda. Using a cross-sectional research design, quantitative data was analyzed with SPSS version 25 to explore these connections. Out of 224 respondents, 200 completed the questionnaires, yielding an 89.29% response rate. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to identify relationships between variables. The findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between; accountability mechanisms and project sustainability, stakeholder participation and project sustainability and the combined effect of both on project sustainability in Uganda's infrastructure projects. Accountability mechanisms were found to have a stronger impact on project sustainability compared to stakeholder participation. The study recommends training employees to strengthen accountability mechanisms and stakeholder participation, emphasizing the importance of consulting stakeholders and promoting participatory decision-making among public entity managers to enhance project sustainability. Regulatory efforts should also highlight accountability mechanisms and stakeholder participation as crucial factors for project sustainability in infrastructure projects. The findings contribute to theoretical and practical debates on project sustainability, aligning with stakeholder theory by highlighting the positive relationships between accountability mechanisms, stakeholder participation, and project sustainability. The study underscores the importance of combining these factors to predict sustainability outcomes in infrastructure projects. In practice, construction firms should enhance accountability mechanisms and stakeholder engagement during project implementation to bolster sustainability efforts. Future research should extend these findings by exploring other predictors of project sustainability beyond accountability mechanisms and stakeholder participation. Additionally, scholars are encouraged to conduct comparable studies in different contexts to validate the findings. This study presents a snapshot of infrastructure projects in Uganda; further research could delve into longitudinal studies using secondary data to corroborate these results. Future investigations might explore additional drivers of project sustainability beyond those examined here, broadening our understanding of sustainable project management.
Adoption of Electronic Procurement by Contractors in South Western Uganda
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-08-29) Ahabwe Armyline
This study investigates the adoption of e-procurement among contractors in South Western Uganda, focusing on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes towards the technology. E-procurement's adoption is known to vary across sectors and regions, with significant investments seen in countries like South Africa and Kenya. In Uganda, while e-procurement offers opportunities for improving procurement processes, challenges such as delays in payments, corruption, and inadequate technical capacity hinder its widespread use. The study employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to analyse how perceived usefulness and ease of use influence attitudes and adoption rates among contractors. Research objectives include examining relationships between perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude, and e-procurement adoption. This study explores the adoption of e-procurement among contractors in South Western Uganda, employing a cross-sectional design and survey methodology. The research targeted public contractors involved in various procurement activities, with a sample size of 138 determined through Krejcie and Morgan's table. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across different contract types and sectors. Primary data was collected via structured surveys and semi-structured interviews. With a response rate of 79% from 109 surveyed contractors, the study finds that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly influence e-procurement adoption, while attitude plays a substantial role in this process. The analysis reveals that perceived ease of use has the strongest correlation with adoption, followed by perceived usefulness, and then attitude. Regression analysis indicates that these factors collectively explain 54.4% of the variance in e-procurement adoption. The study concludes that demonstrating the practical benefits, ensuring user-friendliness, and fostering positive attitudes are crucial for increasing adoption rates. Recommendations include designing intuitive systems, providing comprehensive training, and sharing success stories. The study identifies limitations such as varying technological literacy and a cross-sectional design, suggesting areas for further research include examining technological proficiency, conducting longitudinal studies, and exploring adoption across different contractor segments.
An Examination of Agency Banking in Equity Bank (U) Ltd.
(Makerere University Business School, 2021-01-20) Murungi Cynthia Angella
This study was intended to examine agency banking in Uganda. The study objectives included; to examine the determinants of agency banking in Uganda, to identify the challenges facing agency banking in Uganda and to recommend strategies to improve agency banking services in Uganda. The study was cross sectional in nature as data was collected at one point in time and it involved the use of computational, statistical, and mathematical tools to derive results. The study found that long distances to the bank branches attribute to the use of agent banking. The study found that security measures were missing at agent outlets. The study found uncertainty surrounding the amount of float that was required by an agent to operate in a day. The study also found mistrust in the bank agents by the customers who would rather transact at bank branches than at agent locations. The study recommends for the bank agents to be trained on good customer care practices and how to detect fake money, the study also recommends for banks to invest in the latest and advanced equipment to curb the issue of network interruptions that is faced by the agents during their operations, the study also recommends that banks look into installation of security measures at agent locations.
An Examination of Supply Chain Challenges in Medical Access Uganda Ltd Health Care
(Makerere University Business School, 2021-11-17) Nyanja Balikudembe Andrew
The purpose of the study was to examine of supply chain challenges in Medical Access Uganda Ltd health care and also suggest recommendations for improvement. The study was carried out because of the need to understand clearly the supply chain challenges being faced at Medical Access Uganda Ltd health care and come up with the right strategies of addressing them. The study was guided by three objectives; the challenges experienced in the supply chain, the causes of the challenges experienced in the supply chain and identify strategies for solving the challenges experienced in the supply chain of Medical Access Uganda Ltd Health care. A descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was used in this study. The study population consisted of Health Systems Improvement Project and World Food Program- Extended Delivery Points Project which was the unit of analysis. The unit of inquiry included 14 senior, 26 middle officers and 160 junior level officers. Data was collected using the questionnaire. Data quality was tested using reliability and validity, analyzed using SPSS (V20) and results presented based on the study objectives. Various challenges such as facility management is not utilized ,budgets for medicine supply are often tight hence there is hardly excess of any kind which would have been used in terms of scarcity and emergency and supply chain cycle needs are not well-managed to prevent all types of wastage with causes such as transport infrastructure as one of the critical bottlenecks, no sense of ownership or even involvement of the local community or district leaders and an exchange of drugs and supplies for payment despite the official abolition of user fees and strategies such as need for training and supporting of Health Workers, review stock data on regional levels and uses results in indicators to identify the reasons for stock-outs and investing in human skills. It is clear that Medical Access Uganda should invest more on the aspects of supply chain risks that affect stock availability since this is the most prevalent source of supply chain disruptions.
Assessment of Effectiveness of Tax Compliance Practices at Uganda Revenue Authority
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-12-05) Arinaitwe Joan
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the Uganda Revenue Authority's tax compliance practices. The study focused mostly on URA's tax compliance practices, the difficulties in enhancing those procedures, and the best tactics for successful tax compliance procedures at URA. A quantitative technique using a cross-sectional design was used. Questionnaires were used to gather data from 66 respondents, 60 of whom returned them, yielding a 93.7% response rate. Version 23 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, URA works to put into effect tax compliance procedures such prompt filing, payment, enforcement, feedback systems, and digitization. The responses from the survey results demonstrate these efforts, which are also supported by past studies on tax compliance. Since the tax compliance practices are only moderately effective, URA needs to make more improvements. According to the survey, the most significant challenges were the intricacy of tax rules, the difficulty of accessing tax compliance education resources for the typical taxpayer, staff members' lack of knowledge about compliance matters, and the frequent delays that people face in collecting their tax refunds. The majority of respondents endorsed and recommended a number of tactics to improve URA's tax compliance practices. Simplifying tax forms and procedures, having outreach programs that effectively target underrepresented communities, holding frequent workshops and seminars to keep taxpayers informed about requirements, recognizing compliant taxpayers in public encourages others to pay taxes, working with educational institutions to increase tax literacy among students, and partnering with local businesses to foster a compliance culture were the most widely supported strategies. The analysis suggests that URA keep improving its current tax compliance procedures. In the future, researchers will examine tax compliance practices in a different setting.
Audit Quality, Team Competence, and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kampala Central Division.
(Makerere University Business School, 2022-01-10) Akangwagye Johnson
The study sought to establish the relationship between audit quality and the financial performance of commercial Banks in Kampala Central Division. The study adopted across sectional and correlation quantitative design using 24 commercial Banks in Kampala central 24 commercial banks in Kampala central division that were drawn from a population of 26commercial banks. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan Tables (1970). The data were tested for reliability and validity, analysed using SPSS version 21, and the results were presented based on the study objectives. The correlation coefficient analysis revealed positive and significant relationships between audit quality, team competence, and financial performance of commercial banks, which implies that when one variable is improved, it leads to improvement of the other. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis indicates that audit quality combined with team competence has a greater predictive potential on the financial performance (Adj R2 of 0.324). However, it was further revealed that audit quality has a more direct effect on the financial performance based on the individual contribution (R Square Change 0.202). Therefore, it’s worth recommending that the management of the commercial banks should ensure that they hire quality audit firms and ensure that employees who work in the internal audits are well qualified, and they should do this by tracking their history and also how big they are in dealing with different bigger audits. This will enable the commercial banks to get independent and quality reports about their performance, and this will help them to continue correcting their mistakes and improve performance. It should ensure that the employees have the right attitude towards work, which can be done by ensuring that the environment is conducive to business continuity, and it enables workers to be promoted.
Authentic Leadership, Psychological Capital and Work Engagement Among Public Secondary Schools in Hoima.
(Makerere University Business School, 2024-05-20) Mwima Hamuza
Research on work engagement, authentic leadership and psychological capital in Hoima District public secondary schools was the emphasis of this dissertation. The investigation looked at the association of psychological capital, authentic leadership and work engagement in Hoima's public secondary schools. The combined impact of psychological capital and authentic leadership on work engagement in Hoima's public secondary schools was also evaluated in this study. This research adopted a cross sectional, quantitative research design. The study considered teachers in five public schools in Hoima district which constituted the study population. The teachers were both the unit of analysis and inquiry. The population was 240 teachers and a sample of 148 teachers was taken for this study. Usable and complete questionnaires were solicited from 125 teachers representing 84.5% response rate. Data was analyzed through correlation coefficients and regressions using SPSS V.23. The results of the study demonstrate that psychological capital and authentic leadership partake a substantial positive link with work engagement, contributing up to 47% of the variance. The results indicate that institutions can improve employee engagement at work by providing training or job growth opportunities. Furthermore, it can be accomplished by assigning and rewarding difficult tasks, which will boost perseverance, hope, and optimism in completing the work. School administrations also could aim at hiring employees with high psychological capital and work engagement. This is vital because entities suffer with disengaged employees. Known that psychological capital enhances employee’s engagement, administration can exploit summarized forms of psychological capital and engagement measures in the process of selection. In the process, management should gather preliminary input regarding the psychological capital and engagement levels of candidates. Also, the evaluation of the qualities of authentic leaders of secondary schools should be encompassed in the performance appraisal and incorporating assessments of authentic leadership attributes into the selection and recruitment and succession planning may be necessary in public service.
Beneficiary Participation, Social Cohesion and Performance of the Agriculture Cluster Development Project (ACDP) In Gulu District.
(Makerere University Business School, 2024-10-31) Akugizibwe Angelo
The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between beneficiary participation, social cohesion and performance of the agriculture cluster development project (ACDP) in Gulu District. The study objectives were; establish the relationship between beneficiary participation and project performance among agriculture cluster development projects; establish the relationship between social cohesion and project performance among agriculture cluster development projects; examine the relationship between beneficiary participation and social cohesion among agriculture cluster development projects; and to examine the mediation effect of social cohesion in the relationship between beneficiary participation and project performance among agriculture cluster development projects in Gulu district. This study was informed by the resource-dependence theory. Data was collected using a questionnaire instrument from 214 representing 55.4% of the response rate. Validity of the instrument was determined using content validity index and reliability using pretesting and Cronbach Alpha coefficient. SPSS v. 25 was used to analyze results which were presented using correlation and regression results. The results found a positive relationship between; beneficiary participation and project performance, social cohesion and project performance, beneficiary participation and social cohesion in ACDPS in Gulu District. The results also showed that social cohesion partially mediated the relationship between beneficiary participation and project performance. The study concludes that ability of any project to perform necessitates enhancing beneficiary participation and social cohesion. The study concludes that ACDP should increase the rate at which they involve beneficiaries to enhance project performance; continuously conduct needs assessment; and enhance social cohesion.
Board Structure, Company Characteristics and Environmental Performance Disclosure of Selected Beverage Firms in Kampala, Uganda.
(Makerere University Business School, 2022-04-11) Ssekyanzi Ronald
This study examined the relationship between Board Structure, Company Characteristics and Environmental Performance Disclosure in selected Beverage firms in Kampala, Uganda. Using a cross-sectional research design, a sample of 36 was used out of 42 selected beverage firms in Uganda. Data was obtained from finance officer, public relations officer (PRO) and a board member using a self-administered questionnaire. Validity was determined using expert judgment and CVI and reliability through pretesting and Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS, v. 25 and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found out that board structure is positively associated with environmental performance disclosure. Company characteristics, specifically size and years of existence were negatively associated with environmental performance disclosure. This study also found out that board structure and company characteristics of age, years of existence and turnover predicted environmental performance disclosure. In turn, board structure turned out as the better predictor of environmental performance disclosure. Therefore, board structure and specific company characteristics cannot be undermined if companies are to advance environmental performance disclosure. Even if this is the case, directing a lot of attention towards board structure will have a strong impact on the extent to which companies comply with environmental performance disclosure. Thus, we recommend that there is a need for promoting board independence, selecting board members with appropriate skills, abilities and knowledge, and ensuring proper board mix at beverage firms.
Coordination Mechanisms, Adaptive Capability, And Supply Chain Resilience in Humanitarian Organizations in Uganda.
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-09-10) Akello Jennifer
This study examined the relationship between coordination mechanisms, adaptive capability, and supply chain resilience among humanitarian organisations in Uganda. This study was greatly based on the objectives: to examine the relationship between coordination mechanisms and supply chain resilience among humanitarian organizations, to examine the relationship between adaptive capability and supply chain resilience among humanitarian organizations, and to examine the combined effect of coordination mechanisms and adaptive capability on supply chain resilience among humanitarian organizations in Uganda. The study used a cross-sectional research design with a sample size of 290 humanitarian organizations in Kampala. Primary data collected through questionnaires were used for this study. Data collection tools were tested for validity and reliability. The data was analysed using SPSS v23 in which descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between coordination mechanisms and supply chain resilience among humanitarian organizations. Further, findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between adaptive capability and supply chain resilience among humanitarian organizations. Overall coordination mechanisms and adaptive capability explain 71% of the variance in supply chain resilience among humanitarian organizations in Kampala. In addition, coordination mechanisms were found to be a stronger predictor of supply chain resilience among humanitarian organizations in Kampala compared to adaptive capability. Therefore, the study recommended that the management of humanitarian organizations in Kampala should emphasize coordination mechanisms through improving standardisation, direct supervision, and mutual adjustment during their operations to enhance their supply chain resilience.
Coordination, Commitment and Performance in National Water and Sewerage Corporation Projects in Uganda.
(Makerere University Business School, 2021-11-21) Birungi Apio Josephine
The purpose of this study was to examine how coordination and commitment affect the performance of projects in para-statal organisations in Uganda, a case of NWSC. The study sought to understand the factors that hinder the performance of projects from being implemented according to the planned scope, duration and costs. The study adopted a qualitative approach where Participants were identified from project staff, stakeholders and partners of six NSWC projects that were then under implementation in five regions of Uganda. The researcher sought the necessary approvals to conduct the study from NWSC Management and the leadership of implementing partners of the six projects that were studied. Data was collected using in-depth interviews based on a qualitative interview guide that was adopted from various studies namely Alaloui, et al. (2016)’s Coordination interview guide; Bashir (2010) and Allen and Meyer (1997) for the Commitment interview guide while project performance was measured using an original interview guide that was developed by the researcher on the basis of literature review. The comprehensive interview guide was reviewed and approved by study supervisors and then used in the study. The collected data was transcribed, cleaned, tabulated and then grouped/reduced into key themes that were emerging from the study. It was, thereafter, tallied and analysed to generate frequencies and percentages on the key issues that emerged. It was also visualised in the form of charts and frequency tables to facilitate uptake by any reader. Key findings indicate a positive relationship between commitment to projects and project performance. The study also found a positive relationship between coordination of projects and commitment to projects. It found out that effective coordination will enhance performance of project tasks and hence lead to the achievement of required deliverables. The study also identified challenges to project performance including a breakdown in communication, which has a negative impact on project performance.
Corporate Governance, Dynamic Capabilities, And Financial Performance of Saccos in Arua City, Uganda.
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-08-04) Adomati Mophat
Uganda's government wants to enhance the financial performance of Saccos, yet the majority of Arua City's Saccos suffer lower share returns, restricted liquidity, and mediocre loans, suggesting poor financial performance. The study investigates the predictive power of corporate governance and dynamic capability on the financial performance of Saccos in Arua City, examining the relationship and correlation between these factors. The study used a cross-sectional design, analyzing data from 41 out of 48 saccos, with a response rate of 85.4%, and ensuring fair representation through random sampling. Regression modeling was used to determine how independent variables affected the dependent variable. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a considerably moderate correlation (r =.659) between dynamic capability and financial performance and a moderately good association (r =.577) between corporate governance and financial performance. The study found that corporate governance and dynamic capability significantly affect Saccos' financial results in Arua city by 51.4%, while other factors unaccounted for contributed to the remaining 48.6% of changes. The researcher suggests that management should enhance dynamic capabilities to ensure the financial sustainability of Saccos in Arua City and recommends future research on additional factors influencing their success. The study verifies theories of stakeholder and Dynamic Capability, adding to current information on corporate governance and dynamic capability's influence on the financial performance of Saccos in Arua City, Uganda, and may be applied to other businesses.
Corporate Governance, Operational Risk Management and Financial Performance of Northern Uganda Financial Institutions.
(Makerere University Business School, 2021-12-08) Rwothomio Alex
The study set out to examine effect of Corporate Governance, Operational Risk Management and Financial Performance of Northern Uganda Financial Institutions. The objective of this study is to: examine the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance of financial institutions; establish the relationship between operational risk management and financial performance and examine the relationship between corporate governance, operational risk management and financial performance of northern Uganda financial institutions. The study used cross sectional design and data was collected from a sample size of 215 respondents ( unit of inquiry) of which 124 were managers and 186 operations officers from a total of 62 financial institutions as the unit of analysis. The data collection tools used was questionnaires and documentary search. Analysis was done using a statistical package for social scientists (SPSS V20) software. The results show that there exists significant relationship between corporate governance and financial performance. The study concluded that corporate governance and operational risk management are important as they can help the firms manage their short-term problems in critical areas like costing, expenditure and cash flow, by providing information to support monitoring and control. It was also noted that corporate governance and operational risk management help management to improve operations, market position, and competitive advantage of their activities in the industry. The study recommends that management of financial institutions should embark on providing adequate information for proper accountability and higher chances of Financial Performance and favorable competition by employing skilled personnel who have the required competency to run financial activities of the institutions as discussed in details by different scholars in the literaturereview.
Credit Restructuring Decisions Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic and Loan Portfolio Performance of Financial Institutions in Uganda
(Makerere University Business School, 2023-07-10) Apio Sarah
This study sought to examine the relationship between credit Restructuring decisions constructs and loan portfolio performance by financial institutions in Uganda. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between loan rescheduling and loan portfolio performance; examine the relationship between credit relief and loan portfolio performance; examine the relationship between interest amortization and loan portfolio performance; and examine the relationship between credit restructuring decisions and loan portfolio performance. The study followed a cross sectional research design and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were collected from selected financial institutions. Results from the correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between: loan rescheduling and loan portfolio performance; credit relief and loan portfolio performance; interest amortization and loan portfolio performance, and credit restructuring decisions and loan portfolio performance. This implies that, loan portfolio performance is associated with positive change in loan rescheduling, credit reliefs and interest amortization. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis revealed that loan rescheduling, credit reliefs and interest amortization are significant predictors of loan portfolio performance. The study recommends that loans from clients must be rescheduled by financial institutions based on each individual circumstance. Repayment holidays for clients should be implemented by financial institutions. Financial institutions need to make sure that customers are aware of interest rates.
Credit Risk Management, Loan Portfolio Quality, and Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives (Saccos) In Mbarara City.
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-10-24) Ahabwe Ritah
This study examined the association between the management of credit risk, loan portfolio quality, and the financial performance of SACCOs in Mbarara City, Uganda. The study was conducted because the financial performance of the SACCOs in Mbarara has been on the decline, as shown by an increase in the trend of written-off loans, which are non-performing and exceed the acceptable non-performance rate of 5% set by the industrial benchmark. The researcher used an explanatory design and employed primary data sources with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data was processed using SPSS software to obtain descriptive statistics and conduct correlation as well as regression analyses to study the association of the variables with each other. Results from correlation analysis showed a positive and significant association between management of credit risk, quality of the loan portfolio, and financial performance. This denotes that the two variables have a direct association with the financial performance of SACCOs. Multiple regression analysis indicated that management of credit risk and quality of the loan portfolio significantly predict financial performance by 23.1%. The study concludes that financial performance is determined when management and staff members of the SACCO identify, measure, mitigate, and control credit risks. The study suggests that Risk Departments of SACCOs should always examine risks likely to affect their financial performance. Management of SACCOs should regularly conduct reviews of risks which might affect their financial performance.’
Customer Attitudes, Perceived Security and Electronic Banking Adoption among Graduate Students at Makerere University Business School.
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-06-06) Akullu Gloria
This dissertation examined the factors influencing electronic banking adoption among graduate students at Makerere University Business School (MUBS), with a particular focus on the relationships between customer attitudes, perceived security, and the combined impact of these factors on electronic banking usage. The study employed a quantitative methodology, using structured questionnaires to collect data from a diverse sample of graduate students. The data was analyzed using statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analysis, to quantify the relationships between the variables. The analysis revealed significant variations in attitudes toward electronic banking. Adopters of electronic banking rated convenience, efficiency, and ease of use highly, while non-adopters expressed concerns related to security and showed a preference for traditional banking methods. The results highlighted that positive customer attitudes, particularly perceptions of ease of use and service availability—were strongly associated with higher levels of electronic banking adoption. However, perceived security emerged as a critical factor, with both adopters and non-adopters emphasizing the importance of robust security measures. Non-adopters cited fears of fraud and data breaches as significant barriers to adoption. The study concluded that the relationship between customer attitudes and perceived security was a significant predictor of electronic banking adoption. Enhancing security features and educating users about secure banking practices were identified as key strategies to mitigate fears and build greater trust in electronic banking services. Addressing trust issues through transparent communication and user education was also found to be essential for increasing acceptance and usage of electronic banking among graduate students. Based on the findings, the dissertation recommended that banks focus on improving security protocols and user interfaces, while promoting awareness of the safety and benefits of electronic banking. Future research areas were suggested, including the examination of the impact of technological advancements on electronic banking adoption and the exploration of strategies to build trust among potential users.
Designing Strategies to Enhance Solar Energy Adoption in Primary and Secondary Schools in Buikwe District.
(Makerere University Business School, 2025-08-12) Abaho Tyson
This study examined the current state of solar energy adoption in primary and secondary schools in Buikwe district and identified strategies to overcome barriers and promote wider adoption. To capture a snapshot of current trends, the study utilized a quantitative approach within a cross sectional design framework. The population consisted of 518 schools, including 408 primary schools and 110 secondary schools. A sample of 174 schools was selected, and 160 schools responded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.23, and results were presented using frequency tables and descriptive statistics, such as means and standard deviations. The findings revealed a low overall adoption rate, with 70% of schools not utilizing solar energy, indicating the significant challenges schools face in transitioning to sustainable energy solutions. The study identified critical barriers, including high initial investment costs, limited access to financing, inadequate technical training, and regulatory hurdles. Additionally, the research identified key motivations for adopting solar energy, including saving of costs, environmental advantages, plus improved energy reliability. The quantitative findings underscored the value attached to financial incentives, skill development programs, awareness initiatives, and supportive policies as the most impactful strategies to encourage broader solar energy adoption. The findings suggested that targeted interventions and strong policy support could significantly increase solar energy adoption in schools, contributing to broader environmental sustainability and improved educational outcomes. The study concluded with recommendations for targeted actions and suggested areas for additional research to enhance the continued development as well as implementation of solar energy solutions within Uganda's education sector.

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