Faculty of Economics, Energy and Management Sciences. (FEEMS)
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- ItemAccess To Clean Water in Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2024-09-03) Atugonza, LilianThis study investigates the factors influencing access to clean water in Uganda. The study focuses on the relationship between water infrastructure, tariffs, and clean water access. The quantitative research design uses time series data recorded from 2008 to 2023. The findings show that water infrastructure significantly affects access to clean water, with higher infrastructure scores associated with (0.017%) lower access levels. Additionally, water tariffs have a positive relationship with access to clean water, indicating that higher tariffs are associated with (0.145%) increased access. The regression analysis confirms the predictive power of the model, with water infrastructure and tariffs explaining a significant amount of the variance in access to clean water with an (R-squared of 40.5%). The study concludes that strategic investments in water infrastructure and the establishment of sustainable tariff policies are crucial for ensuring universal access to clean water in Uganda.
- ItemAgribusiness, Export Performance, and Youth Unemployment in Uganda(Makerere University Business School, 2023) Mufuumula, JudeThis study investigated the effect of Agribusiness (AGRIB) and export performance on Youth unemployment in Uganda. The specific objectives of the study included establishing the effects of agribusiness, export performance on youth unemployment. Employing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the study used time series data that spanned a period of 31 years ranging from 1991 to 2021. The results of the study showed that, in the short run, both agribusiness and export performance had a negative effect on youth unemployment. However,these coefficients were found not to be significant in the short run thus not affecting youth unemployment. In the long run, agribusiness and export performance have negative and significant effect on youth unemployment. The granger casualty test indicated a uni-directional causation running from export performance to youth unemployment. It however indicated no directional causation between agribusiness and youth unemployment at 5% level of significance in Ugandan. The study recommends that the Government needs to boost inflow of modern efficient agricultural technology to quicken and expand agro-output. It also recommends for government-private partnership in training and equipping the youth with entrepreneur skills that are required to fully explore the potentially available opportunities in agribusiness and export sector. Trade barriers should be done away with and new and sustainable trade relations should be sought with other countries.
- ItemAgribusiness, Export Performance, And Youth Unemployment in Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2023-12-10) Mufuumula, JudeThis study investigated the effect of Agribusiness (AGRIB) and export performance on Youth unemployment in Uganda. The specific objectives of the study included establishing the effects of agribusiness, export performance on youth unemployment. Employing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the study used time series data that spanned a period of 31 years ranging from 1991 to 2021. The results of the study showed that, in the short run, both agribusiness and export performance had a negative effect on youth unemployment. However, these coefficients were found not to be significant in the short run thus not affecting youth unemployment. In the long run, agribusiness and export performance have negative and significant effect on youth unemployment. The granger casualty test indicated a uni-directional causation running from export performance to youth unemployment. It however indicated no directional causation between agribusiness and youth unemployment at 5% level of significance in Ugandan. The study recommends that the Government needs to boost inflow of modern efficient agricultural technology to quicken and expand agro-output. It also recommends for government-private partnership in training and equipping the youth with entrepreneur skills that are required to fully explore the potentially available opportunities in agribusiness and export sector. Trade barriers should be done away with and new and sustainable trade relations should be sought with other countries.
- ItemAn Evaluation of the Internal Control Environment at Stabex Fuel Stations in Central Uganda.(2023) Kiyegga, StephenThe study sought to examine the internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations in central Uganda and addressed the challenges of the internal control environment of the fuel stations. The objectives that guided the study included; to assess the existing internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations; to examine the deficiencies in the internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations; and to identify solutions for the deficiencies in the internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations. A cross sectional design was adopted for the study and from a population of 172 respondents, a sample size of 141 was selected using purposive sampling and simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V22). The findings showed that the level of the internal control environment at the stations in regard to internal control environment, financial control environment, information and communication systems, monitoring and audit functions, health, environment and safety, and inventory management was moderate. This requires Stabex to find ways of improving the internal control environment at the stations. This is validation that there existed some level of internal control environment management at the stations. This is because internal control environment management provides an arena where the stakeholders of Stabex can help the stations become effective. The findings revealed that the challenges in managing the internal control environment were inadequate internal control procedures and measures, unethical behaviour of staff, poor employee compensation/remuneration, inadequate fraud control and prevention, and unnoticed misconduct among others. The management of Stabex should therefore identify the causes of these challenges and devise ways of addressing them as this would greatly impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal control environment at the stations in the long run. The study therefore recommends that the management of Stabex should draw adequate attention to ensure the effective and efficient operations of cash controls, inventory management, compliance with regulations, internal auditing, access controls, employee training, surveillance and monitoring, reporting and communication channels, fraud prevention measures, risk management, adherence to standard operating procedures, supervision and oversight, and continuous improvement.
- ItemAn Evaluation of the Internal Control Environment at Stabex Fuel Stations in Central Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2023-12-07) Kiyegga, StephenThe study sought to examine the internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations in central Uganda and addressed the challenges of the internal control environment of the fuel stations. The objectives that guided the study included; to assess the existing internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations; to examine the deficiencies in the internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations; and to identify solutions for the deficiencies in the internal control environment at Stabex fuel stations. A cross sectional design was adopted for the study and from a population of 172 respondents, a sample size of 141 was selected using purposive sampling and simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V22). The findings showed that the level of the internal control environment at the stations in regard to internal control environment, financial control environment, information and communication systems, monitoring and audit functions, health, environment and safety, and inventory management was moderate. This requires Stabex to find ways of improving the internal control environment at the stations. This is validation that there existed some level of internal control environment management at the stations. This is because internal control environment management provides an arena where the stakeholders of Stabex can help the stations become effective. The findings revealed that the challenges in managing the internal control environment were inadequate internal control procedures and measures, unethical behavior of staff, poor employee compensation/remuneration, inadequate fraud control and prevention, and unnoticed misconduct among others. The management of Stabex should therefore identify the causes of these challenges and devise ways of addressing them as this would greatly impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal control environment at the stations in the long run. The study therefore recommends that the management of Stabex should draw adequate attention to ensure the effective and efficient operations of cash controls, inventory management, compliance with regulations, internal auditing, access controls, employee training, surveillance and monitoring, reporting and communication channels, fraud prevention measures, risk management, adherence to standard operating procedures, supervision and oversight, and continuous improvement.
- ItemApplicability and Feasibility of Locally Available Biogas Purification Options in Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2025-12-11) Asingura, David WamananuThis study rigorously evaluated the techno-economic and environmental performance of two locally accessible biogas purification methods namely activated carbon adsorption and water scrubbing in the context of rural Uganda, where energy access remains limited. Biogas, primarily methane (CH₄), is often contaminated with impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which diminish its calorific value and pose health, environmental, and infrastructural risks. Employing a quantitative experimental design at Makerere University Business School’s Green Unit Laboratory, the study assessed purification efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impacts using locally sourced materials. Results indicated that water scrubbing achieves a higher methane concentration (81.33% vs. 79.00%) and CO₂ removal efficiency (63.57% vs. 58.58%), while activated carbon excels in H₂S removal (68.42% vs. 42.11%), critical for corrosion prevention and safety. Techno-economic analysis revealed water scrubbing’s lower Leveled Cost of Biogas Purification (LCOBP) ($0.46/m³ vs. $0.71/m³), driven by reduced capital and operational expenditures, with sensitivity analyses confirming cost advantages at scale (LCOBP: $0.31/m³ at 2,600.63 m³/year). Environmentally, water scrubbing avoided 14.94 kg CO₂-equivalent emissions annually, slightly outperforming activated carbon (13.86 kg CO₂-eq/year), though the latter’s superior H₂S removal yields greater climate benefits when Global Warming Potential (GWP₁₀₀ = 13) is considered (236.6 vs. 144.3 kg CO₂-eq/year). Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework, the study highlights the competitive advantage of leveraging local resources (water, agricultural waste) for sustainable biogas production. Recommendations include prioritizing water scrubbing for cost-sensitive rural applications, using activated carbon for H₂S-heavy feedstock’s, and exploring hybrid systems to optimize performance. These findings align with Uganda’s National Biogas Strategy (2023–2030) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7, 13, 1), offering a scalable model for enhancing energy security, environmental sustainability, and rural livelihoods through community-driven biogas purification.
- ItemAssessment of Clean Cooking Practices in The Police Barracks in Kampala Metropolitan, Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2025-12-08) Asiimwe, CollebIn Uganda, approximately 95% of households depend on biomass fuels like firewood and charcoal for cooking, which contributes to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and serious health risks from indoor air pollution, causing around 23,000 deaths each year. This dependence is especially strong in places like police barracks, where little use of clean cooking technologies worsens environmental and health problems. Although urban areas have high levels of electricity access, barriers such as high costs, unreliable supply, and cultural preferences prevent the shift to cleaner cooking options. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design to examine clean cooking habits in six police barracks within Kampala Metropolitan, Uganda, from February to July 2025. Data were gathered from 405 police households through stratified random sampling, covering 5, 779 officers across Kampala Metropolitan North, South, and East, using the Multi-Tier Framework (MTF). The survey collected information on cooking practices, costs, and options for an affordable transition to higher-tier technologies. Descriptive statistics, energy ladder, and stacking analyses assessed energy access and preferences. Results showed that 92. 3% of households had electricity access, mostly via the grid (90. 9%), but 75% reported unreliable supply due to load shedding and unexpected outages. Cooking practices relied heavily on electricity (40. 0%) and charcoal (37. 8%), with 83. 2% recognizing smoke as a health problem. Most households (41. 7%) fell into MTF Tier 3 (basic electricity access), followed by 35. 3% in Tier 1 (traditional biomass). Monthly fuel costs ranged from 10, 000 to 30, 30,000 UGX for most households, with cost (84%) and availability (75. 1%) influencing fuel choices. Despite 90. 9% viewing electricity as expensive, 95. 5% were willing to switch to higher- tier technologies if affordable, with electric pressure cookers (73. 2%) being the most preferred device. Barriers included high appliance costs (64. 9%) and limited power capacity (22. 7%). The study highlights a complex energy situation in Kampala' s police barracks, with high electricity access but ongoing reliance on biomass driven by costs, unreliable supply, and cultural factors. Targeted measures such as subsidies for energy- efficient appliances, improving grid reliability, and awareness campaigns about the MTF are essential to promote the shift to cleaner cooking technologies, helping to address health and environmental issues.
- ItemAssessment of Energy Demand Side Management in Higher Institutions of Learning Lecture Rooms.(2023) Samanya, MichealGlobal interest in Energy Demand Side Management (DSM) is growing, particularly in industrial and domestic sectors. However, there is a lack of attention in existing literature regarding DSM practices in higher education institutions, especially in developing countries. This study explores DSM in higher education lecture rooms, examining energy consumption, costs, emissions, and optimization strategies. The analysis of energy consumption patterns in lecture rooms at higher education institutions reveals significant variations throughout the day, emphasizing the need for tailored DSM strategies. Morning sessions consume 2,564 kWh, afternoon sessions 3,467 kWh, and evening sessions peak at 4,095 kWh. Evening sessions stand out as the highest energy consumers due to reduced natural daylight, underscoring the urgency of DSM measures. These variations in energy consumption highlight the importance of adjusting energy use to match actual demand, rather than following static lighting schedules. Key optimization strategies include dynamic lighting control, automated schedules, energy-efficient technologies like LEDs, maintenance of faulty lights, and occupancy-based lighting. These strategies align with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), emphasizing factors influencing DSM adoption. Integrating these practices can lead to substantial reductions in energy consumption, further reinforced by figures indicating the potential for energy optimization during all sessions. The study results revealed that for 76.58% of the study time, the Lights were kept ON and only switched OFF 23.42% of the study time in the month of March. The study quantified energy costs incurred by keeping lights ON during daytime, demonstrating that keeping lights ON in the selected lecture rooms during the morning, afternoon and evening sessions amounted to about UGX 591,504.24, UGX 797,538.89 and UGX 968,310.83, respectively, in the Month of March. These cost variations emphasize the need for DSM to manage demand and reduce expenses. Additionally, the embedded greenhouse gas emissions attributed to keeping lights ON were assessed to underscore the environmental impact. Keeping lights ON in the morning, afternoon and evening sessions accounted for about 189.23 kgCO2eq, 255.14 gCO2eq and 309.77 kgCO2eq emissions, respectively, in the e month of March. Embracing DSM strategies could contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint in educational institutions' lecture rooms, aligning with global environmental goals. The study also reveals that energy consumption persists during weekends and holidays, with an actual energy consumption of 504.9 kWh. These figures highlight untapped opportunities for energy conservation during non-academic periods, further underscoring the need for efficient resource allocation. In summary, this study emphasized the dynamic nature of energy consumption in higher education lecture rooms and underscores the significance of DSM strategies in optimizing energy usage. The integration of figures, including frequency, cost, and greenhouse gas emissions, reinforces the importance of DSM in minimizing energy wastage, reducing operational expenses, and contributing to environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include incentivizing energy-efficient practices, integrating renewables, and fostering collaboration among institutions. Future research avenues involve a comprehensive consumption analysis, longitudinal studies, and advanced technology exploration to further enhance energy management in higher institutions of learning.
- ItemAssessment of Energy Demand Side Management in Higher Institutions of Learning Lecture Rooms: A Case of Mubs(Makerere University Business School, 2023-12-04) Samanya, MichealGlobal interest in Energy Demand Side Management (DSM) is growing, particularly in industrial and domestic sectors. However, there is a lack of attention in existing literature regarding DSM practices in higher education institutions, especially in developing countries. This study explores DSM in higher education lecture rooms, examining energy consumption, costs, emissions, and optimization strategies. The analysis of energy consumption patterns in lecture rooms at higher education institutions reveals significant variations throughout the day, emphasizing the need for tailored DSM strategies. Morning sessions consume 2,564 kWh, afternoon sessions 3,467 kWh, and evening sessions peak at 4,095 kWh. Evening sessions stand out as the highest energy consumers due to reduced natural daylight, underscoring the urgency of DSM measures. These variations in energy consumption highlight the importance of adjusting energy use to match actual demand, rather than following static lighting schedules. Key optimization strategies include dynamic lighting control, automated schedules, energy-efficient technologies like LEDs, maintenance of faulty lights, and occupancy-based lighting. These strategies align with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), emphasizing factors influencing DSM adoption. Integrating these practices can lead to substantial reductions in energy consumption, further reinforced by figures indicating the potential for energy optimization during all sessions. The study results revealed that for 76.58% of the study time, the Lights were kept ON and only switched OFF 23.42% of the study time in the month of March. The study quantified energy costs incurred by keeping lights ON during daytime, demonstrating that keeping lights ON in the selected lecture rooms during the morning, afternoon and evening sessions amounted to about UGX 591,504.24, UGX 797,538.89 and UGX 968,310.83, respectively, in the Month of March. These cost variations emphasize the need for DSM to manage demand and reduce expenses. Additionally, the embedded greenhouse gas emissions attributed to keeping lights ON were assessed to underscore the environmental impact. Keeping lights ON in the morning, afternoon and evening sessions accounted for about 189.23 kgCO2eq, 255.14 gCO2eq and 309.77 kgCO2eq emissions, respectively, in the e month of March. Embracing DSM strategies could contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint in educational institutions' lecture rooms, aligning with global environmental goals. The study also reveals that energy consumption persists during weekends and holidays, with an actual energy consumption of 504.9 kWh. These figures highlight untapped opportunities for energy conservation during non-academic periods, further underscoring the need for efficient resource allocation. In summary, this study emphasized the dynamic nature of energy consumption in higher education lecture rooms and underscores the significance of DSM strategies in optimizing energy usage. The integration of figures, including frequency, cost, and greenhouse gas emissions, reinforces the importance of DSM in minimizing energy wastage, reducing operational expenses, and contributing to environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include incentivizing energy-efficient practices, integrating renewables, and fostering collaboration among institutions. Future research avenues involve a comprehensive consumption analysis, longitudinal studies, and advanced technology exploration to further enhance energy management in higher institutions of learning.
- ItemAssessment Of Job Expectations of the Millennial Employees at National Water - Kampala Head Office, Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2023-09-29) Nassuna, Brenda MiiroThe study examined the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and FDI inflow volatility on economic growth in Uganda over the period 1991–2020. The research was motivated by Uganda’s continued failure to attain its targeted annual economic growth despite implementing investment-friendly policies aimed at attracting foreign direct investment. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of FDI inflows and FDI inflow volatility on Uganda’s gross domestic product (GDP). A quantitative research approach employing a time series design was adopted. Secondary data covering the period 1991–2020 were analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to estimate both short-run and long-run relationships among the study variables. The findings revealed that FDI inflows have a positive and statistically significant effect on Uganda’s economic growth in both the short run and the long run. In contrast, FDI inflow volatility exhibited a positive effect on economic growth in the short run but a negative effect in the long run, indicating that instability in investment flows undermines sustained economic performance. The study concludes that while attracting higher levels of foreign direct investment is essential for promoting economic growth, ensuring the stability and predictability of these inflows is equally important for long-term development. The study recommends broadening strategies for attracting sustainable FDI, strengthening the investment policy framework, improving the investment climate, and streamlining the investment code to minimize FDI volatility and enhance its contribution to Uganda’s economic growth.
- ItemAssessment of Waste to Energy Potential of Universities.(Makerere University Business School, 2025-11-19) Muyinda, Bridgette MirembeThe rapid growth of municipal solid waste poses significant environmental and socioeconomic challenges, particularly in urban centers of Sub-Saharan Africa where waste collection and management systems remain inadequate. University campuses, which generate substantial quantities of organic waste, present unique opportunities for waste-to-energy (WtE) solutions that align with circular economy principles and national renewable energy targets. This study assessed the organic waste-to-energy potential of Makerere University Business School (MUBS) by quantifying waste streams, estimating their energy yields, and evaluating the economic viability of biogas and briquette production. Using a mixed descriptive–experimental design, waste was collected and analyzed over five months at five high-output sites across the MUBS campus. Results showed that the university generates approximately 147.7 tonnes of organic waste annually, composed mainly of food waste (63%) and grass/leaves (37%). Energy potential analysis indicated an annual yield of 450,761 MJ, with grass waste offering higher calorific value. Laboratory conversion trials demonstrated annual outputs of 1,627.6 m³ of biogas from grass waste, 1,014.9 m³ of biogas from food waste, and 85.9 tonnes of briquettes from grass waste. Economic feasibility analysis revealed positive net present values of UGX 10.45 million for biogas from food waste, UGX 67.7 million for biogas from grass waste and UGX 41.08 million for briquettes, with internal rates of return exceeding 25%, and benefit–cost ratios of 1.2 for briquettes,1.4 for biogas from grass waste and 1.1 for biogas from food waste, confirming profitability. Sensitivity tests further underscored the importance of feedstock availability and energy yields in determining cost efficiency. The findings establish that campus organic waste can be harnessed to support energy diversification, reduce disposal costs, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, positioning universities as models for sustainable waste management. The study recommends investment in integrated WtE systems, prioritizing briquette production for cost efficiency while promoting biogas for energy diversification, thereby advancing Uganda’s renewable energy and climate resilience agenda.
- ItemAudit quality, team competence and financial performance of commercial banks in Kampala central division(Makerere University Business School, 2022-01-10) Akangwagye, JohnsonThe study sought to establish the relationship between audit quality and financial performance of commercial Banks in Kampala Central Division. The study adopted across sectional and correlation quantitative design using 24 commercial Banks in Kampala central 24 commercial banks in Kampala central division that were drawn from a population of 26commercial banks. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan Tables (1970). The data were tested for reliability and validity, analyzed using SPSS version 21 and results presented based on the study objectives. The correlation coefficient analysis revealed positive and significant relationships between audit quality, team competence and financial performance of commercial Banks which implies that when one variable is improved it leads to improvement of the other. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis indicates that audit quality combined with team competence have a greater predictive potential on the financial performance (Adj R2 of 0.324). However, it was further revealed that audit quality has a more direct effect on the financial performance based on the individual contribution (R Square Change 0.202). Therefore, it’s worth recommending that The management of the commercial banks should ensure that they hire quality audit firms and ensure that employees who work in the internal audits are well qualified and they should do this by tracking their history and also how big they are in dealing with different bigger audits. This will enable the commercial banks to get independent and quality reports about their performance and this will help them to continue correcting their mistakes and improve performance. It should ensure that the employees have the right attitude towards work, this can be done by ensuring that the environment is conducive for business continuity and it enables workers to be promoted.
- ItemCost and Emission Comparison of Kerosene and Solar LED Lighting Technologies with A Business Model Concept for Uganda’s Fishing Communities.(Makerere University Business School, 2024-10-12) Ahimbisibwe, HillaryThis study aimed to assess the economic and environmental implications of adopting alternative lighting technologies in fishing communities near Uganda's Lake Victoria and Lake Albert. The study's objectives were to analyze the economic effects, the environmental impacts, and develop a viable business model to promote the use of environmentally friendly lighting options, since fishing is still an important source of income for these communities. Drawing upon the Theory of Change, this study employed a desk assessment methodology, specifically utilizing the catalog method as a research technique for data collection. Microsoft Excel was utilized for both descriptive and statistical analyses. The research delved into diverse lighting technologies and their impacts on fishing communities, with a particular focus on cost-effectiveness, energy generation, emissions, and sustainable business models. Findings show that Dietz 76 lamps are the most economical choice, with annual operational costs of UGX 8,353,446. Petromax and Hurricane pressure lamps have higher costs of UGX 15,542,910 and UGX 19,859,772 respectively. We Power LED lights are the most financially advantageous, with an annual total cost of UGX 3,786,420, Homemade Spesho LED lights had slightly higher costs of UGX 3,798,909. KuaSolar LED lights have a higher initial investment of UGX 933,500. Hurricane pressure lamps and Petromax lamps generated the highest annual emissions output at 491.55 57369.57𝐾𝑔𝐶𝑜2 and 49285.7𝐾𝑔𝐶𝑜2 respectively. Dietz 76 original lamps generate comparatively lower emissions at 491.55𝐾𝑔𝐶𝑜2. Homemade Spesho LED lights are the most energy-efficient, generating 4,698,759.35 KWh annually. KuaSolar LED lights also produce impressive energy, while We Power LED lights generate comparatively lower energy at 522,084.372 KWh. The study proposes a PAY-go business model with both constant and decreasing percentage repayment option to promote the extensive adoption of eco-friendly lighting technologies. The PAY-go business model aligns with needs of the fishing industry and enhances their ability to afford the eco-friendly lighting options for sustainable fishing. There’s need to improve financial literacy, business skills, and collaboration with local institutions to increase adoption of the eco-friendly lighting technologies among local fishing communities.
- ItemCredit Accessibility, Innovation and Firm Productivity; A Case of Smes in Kampala District.(Makerere University Business School, 2025-11-27) Turihohabwe, BlessThe study aimed to determine the connection amongst finance availability, innovation, and company productivity among SMEs in the Kampala district. The study used a cross-sectional and correlational quantitative design with a sample size of 381 SMEs. The units of inquiry were SME production managers, while the units of analysis were SME. The data was analyzed using SPSS, and the results were presented based on the study's objectives. The coefficient of correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between credit availability and firm productivity among SMEs in Kampala district, as well as a positive and significant relationship between innovation and firm productivity among SMEs in Kampala district. The study also found out that both credit accessibility and firm productivity explain 28.6% of the variation in firm productivity among SMEs in Kampala District. Based on the study results; for firms to improve on their productivity, there is need to consider SME access to credit. As well, SME owners should also consider obtaining financial literacy before such credit is accessed. The study also recommended that SMEs should consider innovation as being key in improving firm productivity.
- ItemCredit terms, Credit Accessibility and Sustainability of SMES in Uganda: Acase study of SMES in Nakawa division Kampala.(Makerere University Business School, 2018-08-07) Muhire, FrancisThe study was carried out with the purpose of establishing the relationship between Credit terms, Credit accessibility and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises in Uganda. The study was guided by the following objectives to examine; the relationship between credit terms and sustainability of SMEs, the relationship between credit accessibility and sustainability of SMEs, and the combined effect of credit terms and credit accessibility on the sustainability of SMEs in Nakawa Division. The study was based on a cross sectional research design and quantitative research approach out of 743 registered SMEs in Nakawa Division and, a sample of 248 SMEs was drawn. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. Data from the field was compiled, sorted, edited for analysis using SPSS. The results indicated a significant positive relationships between credit terms and sustainability, credit accessibility and sustainability and, a combination of credit terms and credit accessibility and sustainability of SMEs within Nakawa Division. Based on the findings, the study recommended that financial Institutions need to relax credit terms which will increase credit accessibility that also automatically lead to sustainability, SMEs should ensure mechanisms that can boost their credit accessibility and the government should put in place policies that ensures easy access to credit by SMEs and should further increase funding and come up with more entrepreneurship oriented programs such as capital ventures which well maximized guarantee sustainability of SMEs.
- ItemDeterminants of Base Electricity Tariffs for Domestic Consumers in Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2024-11-14) Nakwanyi, BridgetThis study conducted an empirical analysis to identify the determinants of base electricity tariffs for domestic consumers in Uganda. Employing the autoregressive distributed lag method, data from UMEME’s domestic consumers, sourced from the ERA database, were analyzed. The key variables investigated included base electricity tariffs, electricity demand, electricity distribution losses, and operations and maintenance costs. The ARDL model focused on the direction and significance of the regression coefficients. The findings revealed that UMEME’s electricity distribution losses had a positive impact on base electricity tariffs in both the short and long term, indicating that higher distribution losses lead to increased tariffs. Additionally, UMEME’s operations and maintenance costs significantly and positively affected the base electricity tariffs in the short run, suggesting that higher costs in these areas also drive up tariffs. Conversely, domestic electricity demand did not significantly influence base electricity tariffs, likely due to the relatively low demand levels in Uganda. The study recommends implementing extensive metering, investing in and adopting better technology, and practicing preventive maintenance to reduce electricity losses and thereby lower base electricity tariffs. Furthermore, electricity distribution companies should adopt lean practices to minimize operations and maintenance costs. The ERA is advised to encourage distribution companies to expedite grid extension to domestic households, which would boost demand and create economies of scale, ultimately leading to lower electricity prices.
- ItemDeterminants of Electricity Power Losses in Uganda.(2023) Tuhamire, RobertThis study investigates the determinants of electricity power losses in Uganda. Employing the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the study regressed Non-technical electricity power losses against domestic tariffs, income (measured as GDP per capita) and population growth over a 30-year period using annual data. The study established that in the short run, domestic tariff and income have a negative and significant effect on power losses with the reducing-effect of income spreading across a four-year period. Population growth on the other hand has a positive and significant short run effect on electricity power loss. In the long run, domestic tariff and population growth have positive and significant effects on power losses while the effect of income is not significant. The study therefore recommended that policy makers should strive to raise people’s income because high incomes have an immediate reducing effect on power losses. There should also be direct efforts to regulate and stabilize electricity tariffs and an installation of a clear policy on population growth in Uganda in order to sustain electricity supply in the long run.
- ItemDeterminants of Electricity Power Losses in Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2023-11-14) Tuhamire, RobertThis study investigates the determinants of electricity power losses in Uganda. Employing the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the study regressed Non-technical electricity power losses against domestic tariffs, income (measured as GDP per capita) and population growth over a 30-year period using annual data. The study established that in the short run, domestic tariff and income have a negative and significant effect on power losses with the reducing-effect of income spreading across a four-year period. Population growth on the other hand has a positive and significant short run effect on electricity power loss. In the long run, domestic tariff and population growth have positive and significant effects on power losses while the effect of income is not significant. The study therefore recommended that policy makers should strive to raise people’s income because high incomes have an immediate reducing effect on power losses. There should also be direct efforts to regulate and stabilize electricity tariffs and an installation of a clear policy on population growth in Uganda in order to sustain electricity supply in the long run.
- ItemDeterminants of Electricity Supply in Uganda(Makerere University Business School, 2023) Nandase, NubuatThe study examined the determinants of electricity supply in Uganda particularly, Technology, cost of production, price of electricity and rainfall. The objective was to examine their effect on electricity supply. The study employed the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with structural break in time series data using the Gregory Hansen cointegration test. Data used was from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2019. Findings indicated that there was a structural break in 2016:Q1.Further, findings reveal that Technology, cost of production, price of electricity and rainfall have a positive effect on electricity supply in Uganda both in the long run and short run. The study results will guide policy makers such as the government in designing policies on electricity supply. Also, the study findings will be used by scholars and academicians as a source of reference for further research on electricity supply in Uganda as no scholar has studied these factors in a similarin Uganda . Similarly findings from this study will help stakeholders to appreciate the effect of price of electricity, cost of production, technology and rainfall on ensuring sustainability of electricity supply in Uganda.
- ItemDeterminants of Electricity Supply in Uganda.(Makerere University Business School, 2023-11-13) Nandase, NubuatThe study examined the determinants of electricity supply in Uganda particularly, Technology, cost of production, price of electricity and rainfall. The objective was to examine their effect on electricity supply. The study employed the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with structural break in time series data using the Gregory Hansen cointegration test. Data used was from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2019. Findings indicated that there was a structural break in 2016:Q1. Further, findings reveal that Technology, cost of production, price of electricity and rainfall have a positive effect on electricity supply in Uganda both in the long run and short run. The study results will guide policy makers such as the government in designing policies on electricity supply. Also, the study findings will be used by scholars and academicians as a source of reference for further research on electricity supply in Uganda as no scholar has studied these factors in a similar in Uganda. Similarly, findings from this study will help stakeholders to appreciate the effect of price of electricity, cost of production, technology and rainfall on ensuring sustainability of electricity supply in Uganda.