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Social networks and subjective norms: The Mediating effect of financial self efficacy on financial Inclusion
(2016-10-21) Mindra, Rachel Katorogo; Moya, Musa
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of financial self- efficacy on the relationship between social networks, subjective norms and financial inclusion among individuals in Uganda.Design/Methodology/Approach: We used a quantitative approach and cross sectional research design with a sample of 400 individuals from urban Central and rural Northern Uganda. Structural equation modeling was used to establish and test the hypothesized rlationships and mediation effects between social networks, subjective norms and financial inclusion.Findings: The results suggest that financial self-efficacy is a mediator of the relationship between social networks, subjective norms and financial inclusion. Furthermore, significant relationships between social networks, subjective norms and financial inclusion were found. Research Limitations: The study was assessed using both potential and actual consumers of financial services collectively. However, if separately assessed, possibly there would be a variation in perceptions or behavioral responses towards financial inclusion.Practical Implications: There is a need to develop and sustain high levels of financial confidence among individuals to enable them use formal financial services through the social networks and subjective norms in which they are embedded and social values they uphold. Originality/Value: The results contribute towards the limited empirical and theoretical evidence regarding the mediating role of financial self-efficacy in explaining financial behaviour.
Perceived internal audit roles and challenges in a developing economy
(2017) Bananuka, Juma; Mukyala, Veronica; Nalukenge, Irene
Purpose - The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to explore the perceived Internal Audit (IA) roles and challenges faced by internal auditors in fulfilling their mandate among listed firms in Uganda and 2) to examine the extent to which internal auditor challenges could inhibit the performance of internal auditor roles. Design/ methodology – This is an exploratory study with mixed methods design. We collected data from internal auditors of 13 listed firms in Uganda through both the questionnaire and interview guide. Data were analyzed using SPSS and XL STAT 2016 with Partial Least Square Modelling because of the small sample used in this study. Findings – We find eight (8) most perceived internal auditor roles in Uganda such as ‘internal audit reports on the system for generating financial information’. Many of these roles suggest that internal auditors perceive their roles consistent with traditional ones that were designed to safeguard firm’s assets and assist in the production of reliable accounting information for decision-making purposes. We also find five (5) most perceived internal auditor challenges such as ‘internal audit recommendations are not worked on by management’. Furthermore, these internal auditor challenges explain about 31% variation in perceived internal auditor roles. Research limitations/implications - As the internal auditors face many difficulties, it is difficult to see how they could perform their perceived roles effectively and thereafter embark on their expanded roles as espoused in the model charter of Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). Although we employ a relatively small sample size, this study’s findings can be generalized to Uganda and other similar environments’ listed firms. The results are useful in informing the debates of the regulators, standard setters, external auditors, academicians and policy makers. If internal audit function appear incipient in listed firms in this environment, it could be a worthwhile endeavor to establish what it is like in non-listed firms. Originality / value – We examine perceived internal auditor roles, internal auditor challenges and how the latter affects the former using evidence from Uganda – a developing economy. We also contribute towards a methodological position of mixed methods design by producing results from a smaller sample augmented by interview results in an environment characterized by smaller populations so that inferences can be made. The interpretive research agenda caters to social aspects of internal auditing neglected by positivist studies that largely tackle questions founded in the realist ontological position.
Knowledge management and high performance in Uganda’s financial institutions
(Makerere University Business School, 2017) Bagorogoza Kyogabiirwe, Janatti; Moya, Musa
Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of the mediation effect of the high performance organisation (HPO) framework in the relationship between knowledge management and high performance. Design/methodology/approach: – The study adopts a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach to collect data which was used to answer the study objectives. Findings: – The high performance framework had a significant positive effect on high performance while knowledge management (KM) had direct and indirect positive effect on high performance, through the partial mediation of HPO framework. This suggests that the HPO framework has an effect in the improvement of the level of performance in financial institutions (FIs). Research limitations/implications: –The study was cross-sectional which is limited to trace longterm effects of knowledge management and the HPO framework on high performance. Therefore, a longitudinal study may be undertaken. The study was also quantitative which limited the in-depth understanding of KM aspects in the FIs, in this case a qualitative approach could be better. The inability to obtain analytical and local literature on HPO framework and high performance limited this study. . Practical implications: The study strengthens knowledge management as a key strategy for Managers to use in FIs to improve performance and the HPO framework as a gateway to build high performance organisations. Originality/value: The study generates empirical evidence on less studied phenomena knowledge management in the FIs. The evidence highlights the powerful influence of the HPO framework in improving organisational performance based on knowledge management.
Firm characteristics, innovation, financial resilience under austerity and survival of firms: a pitch
(Makerere Business Journal, 2017) Mugumya, Elizabeth
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply the pitching research template that Faff (2015, 2016) developed to a research proposal on firm characteristics, innovation, resilience and survival of firms in the financial institutions sector. Design/methodology/approach – this paper begins with a brief commentary on using the pitching research template to identify the core elements of the research proposal. It then describes the researcher’s personal reflections on the pitch exercise itself Findings – The pitch exercise is an excellent avenue of clearly and efficiently presenting and communicating the researcher’s thoughts on the research proposal. Originality/value – This paper shows that the pitching research template that Faff (2015, 2016) developed is an interesting and effective research tool useful in starting a research journey in a straight-forward and simple avenue to avoid unnecessary off-tangent from the envisaged research direction.
Perceived auditor independence factors in Uganda
(Makerere University Business School, 2017) Kaawaase Kigongo, Twaha; Korutaro Nkundabanyanga, Stephen
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is two-fold: the first is to establish whether, in the face of the company-pay model, financial statement preparers perceive threat and enhancing factors of Auditor Independence (AI) the same way as users and external auditors, then secondly to model AI factors in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach – A two-methods approach is used which comprises, use of a oneway ANOVA where the independent variable (AI factors) is measured using different participants or groups (preparers, auditors and users) to examine the differences in opinions between the groups, and confirmatory factor analysis technique of structural equation modelling to achieve the two-fold objective. We use a self-administered survey questionnaire to accountants in Uganda involved with entities’ financial statements as preparers, external auditors or users to collect data. Findings – There are significant differences in opinions of the preparers and the other stakeholders (users and auditors) regarding non-rotation of audit firm, staff and partners and, board control of appointment and remuneration of auditors; as AI undermining factors. The preparers opine that failure to rotate auditors and the control of auditor appointment and remuneration by the board is more AI constraining, relative to the opinions of both the auditor and user regarding these factors. Financial statement preparers were more concerned than auditors and users that failure to rotate auditors and the control of auditor appointment and remuneration by the board impairs AI. A sixdimensional model of AI undermining factors was fitted and a five-dimensional model best fitted for AI enhancing factors. Practical implications – The paper provides two models that can be used by accountancy bodies or other stakeholders as a starting point in improving/or evaluating AI in developing countries. Originality/value – This study is representative of key parties on the demand and supply sides of the audit services market, auditors, financial report preparers and financial report users. It thus extends the frontiers of knowledge on critical factors affecting AI in a developing country context and has implications for theory, policy and practice.
Assessing local road transporters’ participation readiness in oil and gas industry in Uganda.
(Makerere University Business School, 2017) Namukasa, Juliet; Kabagambe Bategeka, Levi; Nakayima, Farida
Purpose - The study sought to establish the readiness of local road transport service providers to participate and deliver the desired services in Uganda’s budding oil and gas industry. Methodology/Approach - The study adopted a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to assess the readiness of local road transport service providers on the dimensions of eligibility compliance and capacity parameters while transport service quality was measured based on reliability, extent of the service, comfort, safety, and affordability). Research Design - A cross sectional survey design was used. Two questionnaires were used; one questionnaire was sent to clients (companies dealing in oil and gas related products) and another was sent to the local road transporters. Findings - Local road transport providers are largely wanting in compliance with eligibility requirements to conduct business. Notable challenges facing local transporters rotate around three aspects: legal and regulatory constraints and poor condition of roads, which together accounted for about 68% of the challenges. Research Limitations -The extant study looked at the readiness of local road transport service providers in the oil and gas industry in Uganda. This could limit the generalizations to the entire industry as the analysis did not cover rail, water and air transport. Practical Implications - There is need to strengthen the institutional capacity of local road transporters to enable them formalise their businesses and increase their eligibility status. Only when this is done will they be able to access tenders and actualise the intentions of the local content oil and gas policy. Originality/Value - The results contribute towards the limited empirical and theoretical evidence regarding the readiness of local road transport service providers to deliver the desired services in the oil and gas industry in Uganda.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Implementation: Lessons from Uganda
(Makerere University Business School, 2017-05-30) Katamba, David; Akora, Maxwell E.P
Purpose: This paper presents aspects of a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Implementation Success Model to guide CSR engagements. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative case methodology is used to investigate two CSR companies in Uganda. Semi-structured interviews with managers and stakeholders are conducted. Data triangulation includes reviewing CSR reports and documents, and visiting communities and CSR activities/projects mentioned in the case companies’ reports. Grounded theory guides the data analysis and aggregation. Findings: The findings culminate into a “CSR Implementation Success Model. ” Key aspects of CSR implementation success are identified as: (i) involvement of stakeholders and management (i.e., co-production) at the start and during every stage of CSR implementation; (ii) management of challenges and conflicts arising within/outside of the company itself; and (iii) feedback management or performance assessment—i.e., accountability via CSR communications and reporting. Stakeholder involvement and feedback management (accountability) are pivotal, though all three must be considered equally. Research limitations: The studied companies were large and well-established mature companies, so it is unclear whether newer companies and small and medium-sized enterprises would produce similar findings. Practical implications: Successful CSR implementation starts with a common but strategic understanding of what CSR means to the company. However, CSR implementation should (i) yield benefits that are tangible, and (ii) have a sustainable development impact because these two aspects form implementation benchmarks. Additionally, top management should be involved in CSR implementation, but with clear reasons and means. Originality/value: This paper unearths a CSR Implementation Success Model that amplifies views of “creating shared value” for sustainable development. It guides organizations towards strategic CSR, as opposed to the responsive CSR (returning profits to society) that largely dominates in developing countries. Additionally, it explains how to add value to the resource envelope lubricating the entire CSR implementation process
Religiosity and Islamic Banking in Uganda
(Makerere University Business School, 2017-05-30) Kaawaase, Twaha Kigongo; Nalukwago, Lailah
Purpose: The objective of this paper was to examine the extent to which religiosity matters in explaining existing bank customers’ propensity to patronise Islamic banking in the context of a predominantly non-Islamic country freshly adopting Islamic Finance and Banking. Methodology: Underpinned by the Theory of Reasoned Action we use pre-existing scales for attitudes of customers and subjective norms and integrate religiosity in the model to predict propensity to patronise Islamic banking. We collected data from 382 existing commercial bank customers and carried out a factor analysis to examine the scales validity and reliability. We answer the main question of whether religiosity matters using two approaches: we test for mediation effects of religiosity and also use a hierarchical regression analysis to determine the additive effect of religiosity in explaining propensity to Patronise Islamic Banking (PIB) in a predominantly non-Islamic country. Findings: Results of the Sobel, Aroian and Goodman tests show that religiosity mediates the predictive potential Behavioural Intentions (BI) of existing bank customers’ propensity to patronise Islamic banking. Hierarchical regression analysis also showed that after controlling for the variance accounted for by control variables, namely religion, age and education; religiosity had a significant additive effect in the model and positively relates with PIB. In the final model religiosity together with subjective norm and attitude predict 71% of the variance in Patronising Islamic Banking. Our study therefore shows religiosity is important and does matter in patronising Islamic banking. Originality/Value: This empirical study answers the pertinent question of whether religiosity matters in the propensity to use and patronise Islamic banking. It contributes to a better understanding of the factors that ought to be taken into account when a country is adopting Islamic banking principles. In particular the findings will be useful to commercial banks in Uganda when designing and marketing Islamic banking products to their existing and potential customers.
Organizational trust, collectivism and goal Congruence
(Makerere University Business School, 2017-05-30) Lubogoyi, Bumaali; Kasekende, Francis
Purpose: The study addresses the building blocks of goal congruence among local governments by presenting a conceptual study on the impact of collectivism on the organizational trust - goal congruence relationship. Methodology: We apply structural equation modeling (AMOS) to test the hypotheses. Findings: The study finds that organisational trust and collectivism are positively and significantly associated. The study also finds that collectivism is positively correlated with goal congruence. The study did not find a direct significant association between organizational trust and goal congruence, except through collectivism. Implications: This study demonstrates that organizational trust on its own may not influence goal congruence among local government except through collectivism. Originality: The results provide initial evidence that enrich stewardship studies by confirming that variations in organizational trust enhance collectivism for goal congruence in the delivery of public services.
Business Incubation in Uganda, Services, Processes and Incubatee Perceptions- A case study
(Makerere University Business School, 2017-05-30) Abaho, Ernest; Nkambwe, Ismail
Purpose-This paper examines the nature of services and processes of business incubation. Its specific objectives are to establish the nature of services offered by business incubation centers in Uganda, examine the incubation process and to establish the perception of business incu- batees about business incubation services using a case of FinAfrica a private social enterprise. Methodology-This paper presents findings from one incubation center FinAfrica as a case study. Ethnographic design is adopted while observation and interview methods are used to collect data. Results-Key services offered by FinAfrica incubation center include entrepreneurial training, provision of office space, legal and accounting services, mentoring, coaching, entrepreneurial networks and general office administration. The centre has a unique business incubation model which starts with motivating people to start businesses, capacity building, business registration, and ends with graduation after attaining capability for self-sustainability. Incubatees perceive the services offered by the incubation centre as helpful through training, affordable office space, entrepreneurial ecosystem and opportunities for a lean startup. Implications- While this study does not offer statistical inferences for generalisation because of the qualitative design and single case, the exploration of FinAfrica provides insights about how Incubation centers need to plan for positive and sustainable entrepreneurial impact for startups. There is need for more Government and other development partners’ involvement in business incubation and post incubation support for competiveness and growth. Originality/value- This study provides insights about the key services offered in the incubation process and provides insights into the perceived benefits of business incubation. It also contributes to literature about business incubation with practical evidence from an emerging economy whose focus is on private sector development and innovation promotion.
The impact of merger and acquisition on firm performance in East Africa
(Makerere University Business School, 2017-12-28) Nagasha, Scola; Bananuka, Juma; Musimenta, Doreen; Lulu, Gu
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is two-fold: the first is to establish whether, in the face of the company-pay model, financial statement preparers perceive threat and enhancing factors of Auditor Independence (AI) the same way as users and external auditors, then secondly to model AI factors in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach – A two-methods approach is used which comprises, use of a one- way ANOVA where the independent variable (AI factors) is measured using different participants or groups (preparers, auditors and users) to examine the differences in opinions between the groups, and confirmatory factor analysis technique of structural equation modelling to achieve the two-fold objective. We use a self-administered survey questionnaire to accountants in Uganda involved with entities’ financial statements as preparers, external auditors or users to collect data. Findings – There are significant differences in opinions of the preparers and the other stakeholders (users and auditors) regarding non-rotation of audit firm, staff and partners and, board control of appointment and remuneration of auditors; as AI undermining factors. The preparers opine that failure to rotate auditors and the control of auditor appointment and remuneration by the board is more AI constraining, relative to the opinions of both the auditor and user regarding these factors. Financial statement preparers were more concerned than auditors and users that failure to rotate auditors and the control of auditor appointment and remuneration by the board impairs AI. A six- dimensional model of AI undermining factors was fitted and a five-dimensional model best fitted for AI enhancing factors. Practical implications – The paper provides two models that can be used by accountancy bodies or other stakeholders as a starting point in improving/or evaluating AI in developing countries. Originality/value – This study is representative of key parties on the demand and supply sides of the audit services market, auditors, financial report preparers and financial report users. It thus extends the frontiers of knowledge on critical factors affecting AI in a developing country context and has implications for theory, policy and practice.
Top management team international orientation and internationalization of Universities
(Makerere Business Journal, 2018) Nuwagaba, Dennis; Kennedy Ogollah, John Yab; Wainaina, Gituro
Abstract Purpose: Based on the assumptions of the upper echelons and the stages theories, this study sought to examine the influence of Top Management Team International Orientation (TMTIO) on the Internationalization of Universities (IUs). It also assessed the moderating effect of size, ownership and age of the university on the relationship between TMTIO and IUs in Uganda. Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional study design and used correlations and regression analyses to examine the influence of TMTIO on the IUs. Data was collected from a total of 30 universities in Uganda using questionnaires which were filled by 134 members of the TMTs in these universities. The study used linear regression to establish the influence of TMTIO and test the effect of size, ownership and age on the IUs in Uganda. Findings: It was found that there is a significant influence of TMTIO on the IUs in Uganda even after controlling for location, age, size and ownership of the university. The findings also showed that there was no significant moderation effect of size, ownership and age on the relationship between TMTIO and IUs. Size was found to have a direct effect on the IUs but neither ownership nor age of the university was found to have any significant effect on IUs. Originality: The study makes a contribution by explaining how TMT members by their international orientation influence IUs in a developing country perspective. It also provides quantitative measurements of internationalization within Ugandan universities.
Determinants of aggregate electricity demand in Uganda
(2018) Nakirijja, Judith Flavia; Kiggundu, Tonny; Keryne Ajok, Sarah; Lwanga, Barbara
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of aggregate electricity demand in Uganda. Methodology: Using quarterly data over the period 2001-2015, the study employs time series diagnostic tests of stationarity and cointegration to investigate data behaviour; there is a check for direction of causal relationships between the variables in the empirical model; and the adoption of time series econometric analytical techniques to establish the determinants of electricity demand. Findings: The study results indicate that the lagged values of electricity demand in first difference, the random shocks and first differenced current values of GDP are the most significant determinants of electricity demand. The study suggests that rather than price, income is more significant in influencing electricity demand. Practical Implications: The study sheds light on the key determinants of electricity demand in Uganda. The stakeholders in the electricity sector may use the findings of the study for better electricity demand forecasts, optimization of electricity production and to improve electricity sector planning. Originality/ Value: The paper answers lingering questions on the drivers of electricity demand in Uganda and further contributes to the limited literature and empirical evidence regarding the factors that contribute to the demand for the national grid electricity in Uganda
A qualitative inquiry on the determinants of internet financial reporting in Uganda
(Makerere Business Journal, 2018) Bananuka, Juma; Kaawaase Kigongo, Twaha; Musimenta, Doreen; Namusobya, Zainab
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the factors that may affect the adoption of internet financial reporting in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – The study in developing countries like Uganda used a cross sectional and narrative research design. Semi structured interviews were employed in the study to elicit responses from 35 Chief Finance Officers and Heads of Internal Audit Departments of various financial services firms. Findings – This study finds that stakeholder pressures, financial firm specific characteristics and governance factors are the key factors that may affect the adoption of internet financial reporting in an emerging economy. Originality/value – Internet financial reporting being an emerging phenomenon, there are few or even no qualitative studies that have examined which factors may affect the adoption of internet financial reporting in an emerging economy like Uganda. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that provides some insights into the determinants of internet financial reporting using interviews.
Efficacy of institutional framework in managing wild life trade in Uganda: Preliminary evidence
(Makerere Business Journal, 2018) Musinguzi, James; Basheka, Benon C.; Odubaker Picho, Epiphany
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to report preliminary evidence on evaluating the efficacy of the institutional framework in the management of trade in wildlife products in Uganda. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional survey design. Analysis was done thematically and content for qualitative (interview) data and archival data respectfully; and also SPSS for quantitative data analysis from a sample 169 subjects. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression. Findings: The institutional framework for managing wildlife trade in Uganda is weak. The study also found that efficacious institutional framework and management tools of planning and control have a predictive force. Originality/Value: This paper answers the pertinent question of whether the management of wildlife in Uganda in the propensity to use and patronize wildlife trade is efficacious. The paper provides the initial evidence of the application of institutional and broken windows theories as relevant frameworks for understanding management of wildlife trade. Paper Type: Research Paper
Stakeholder behavior, relationship building practices and stakeholder management in Public Private Partnership Projects in Uganda
(Makerere University Business School, 2018-02-01) Mwesigwa, Rogers; Ntayi, Joseph; Bagire, Vincent; Munene, John C
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence of the influence of stakeholder behaviour and relationship building practices on stakeholder management in Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects.in Uganda Design/Methodology/approach - We study 115 PPP projects in Uganda using a cross sectional design. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings - Results indicate that stakeholder behaviour and relationship building practices are significant predictors of stakeholder management in PPP projects. The interaction (multiplication) of understanding of stakeholders’ behaviours and building relationships among them explains more of the variance in overall project management for project success than the direct influence of understanding of stakeholders’ behaviours or relationship building on their own. Implications - In order to manage stakeholders in PPP projects, there is need to build strong stakeholder relationships at the same time understanding project stakeholder behaviours. Originality - We adduce evidence of the efficacy of understanding stakeholder behaviours and designing appropriate relationship building practices for better stakeholder management. Keywords - public private partnership projects, stakeholder management, stakeholder behaviour, relationship building practices Paper type Research paper

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